Topblock design guide
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Standard Paint Quality > Solid, cellular or hollow3.6 N/mm > 2 13601400Solid 7.3 N/mm > 2 14501400Solid 10.4 N/mm > 2 15201500Solid Ultra -1050 > Solid, cellular or hollow 3.6 N/mm > 2 0.450.46Solid 7.3 N/mm > 2 0.470.46Solid 10.4 N/mm > 2 0.490.48Solid Ultra 3.6 N/mm > 2 and 7.4 N/mm > 2 -0.38 > 100mm solid blocks emulsion paint finish-0.12 - 0.57140mm solid blocks ֖ emulsion paint finish -0.01 - 0.63 > Note *Manufactured to order Standard Paint Quality > 100mm solid blocks emulsion paint finish-0.13 - 1.16140mm solid blocks ֖ emulsion paint finish -0.36 > Note *Manufactured to order 5 >

Building Regulation A1 > 1 requiresbuildings to be constructed so the combined dead, imposed and wind loads are sustained and transmitted safely, without causing deflection or deformation in any part of the building.Many masonry structures can bedesigned to meet those requirements by using prescriptive rules in Building Regulations and British Standards, without the need for detailed structural calculations. Those rules apply to: > 1 For Scotland refer to Section 1 of The Building (Scotland) Regulations > 2 For Scotland refer to the Small Buildings Guide. > To avoid designing with...

Adding reinforcement toblockwork improves both the vertical loadbearing capacity and the bending resistance of the masonry.Reinforced blockwork should beconstructed in accordance with the recommendations of BS 5628-2. Further guidance for reinforced freestanding walls is given in BRE Good Building Guide (GBG) 19, and for reinforced retaining walls in GBG 27.Guidance on the design andconstruction of masonry retaining walls suitable for basements is given in the Approved Document Basements for Dwellingsђ.There are two common methodsof forming reinforced blockwork:placing reinforcement...

Eurocode 6 will eventuallyreplace BS 5628: Parts 1, 2, & 3. However, until the Draft National Annexes and a complementary British Standard covering aspects of BS 5628 not addressed by Eurocode 6 have been published,it is unlikely that designing masonry structures to the Eurocode 6 will prove attractive to designers.BS 5628: 1, 2, & 3 are proposedto be withdrawn in 2011.The relevant parts of Eurocode 6are shown in Table 14 below: > Eurocode PartFull titlePublication dateSupercession details BS EN 1996-1-1Eurocode 630/12/2005BS 5628-1:Design of masonryBS 5628-2 structures Common rules for...

This section has been preparedto give designers and users a concise overview of the new Part L standards for the conservation of fuel and power in buildings.Its main purpose is to highlightthe major changes embodied in Approved Document L (2006 edition) and give guidance on the revised methods of compliance and the design tools required to calculate the overall energy efficiency of buildings.For any building the cost effective design of walls and floors is paramount, and usually one of the first areas sought to establish compliance. A number of wall and floor construction solutions are...

2 emissions, saving an estimatedone million tonnes of carbon every year.To satisfy the requirements ofthe Energy Performance BuildingDirective, improved energy performance standards of 20%-27% have been set for all new buildings. This is based on a whole buildingђ CO Part L objectives The new standards in thermal efficiency are intended to support the Governments commitment to reduce CO > 2 Targetapproach - see Table 15. > Dwellings Buildings other than Dwellings > ҕ 20% better than 2002 standards basedon notional building (Elemental U-values) Whole building Օ 27% better than 2002 standards...

(Accredited Construction Details) Methods of Compliance Space heating and hot waterՕ Ventilation (natural or mechanical) Fixed lighting internal andexternalՕ Airtightness of the buildingfabric.Reasonable limit for design airpermeability is 10m This is straightforward in that all new buildings must meet a set carbon dioxide emissions target based on a whole building energy performance approach. This replaced the elementalђ and alternativeђ methods of compliance allowed in the 2002 standards.The target CO > 3 /(h.m > 2 )@ 50 Pa: Sample testing of new dwellings required. > 2 emission rate(TER)...

Table 25: Reference U-values used in the notional dwelling* ElementU-value (W/m > 2 K) Wall0.35Floor0.25Roof 0.16Windows and doors2.00 > Note *A full set of reference values is given in Appendix R of SAP 2005 Table 26: Fuel FactorElementFuel Factor Mains gas1.00LPG1.10Oil 1.17Grid electricity (for direct acting storage and electric heating pumps)1.47Solid mineral fuel1.28 Renewable energy, incl. bio-fuels such as wood pellets1.00 Solid multi-fuel1.00 > How to comply Design limits for envelope standardsLimiting U-values for thebuilding fabric are stipulated in Approved Document L1A and these...

How to comply An air pressure test, by an accredited tester, must be carried out to show that minimum air permeability standards havebeen met. A reasonable limit for design air permeability would be 10m > 4. Quality of construction andcommissioning > How to comply Demonstrate that the performance of the dwelling as built is consistent with the DER. Demonstrate that the quality ofconstruction has been achieved by adopting Accredited Details and undertaking an air pressure test to confirm the specified design air permeability has been achieved.Provide notice that the buildingservices are in...

Case Study 4a: 3 bed detached (119.3m > 2 floor area)Secondary Heating TERDER21.9225.70FAILSecondary Heating Assumed as: Not specifiedSolid fuel burning open fire in grate Օ Chimney or flue provided(37% efficiency) No gas point TERDER21.9224.46FAILSecondary Heating Assumed as:Օ Not specifiedSolid fuel burning open fire in grate Chimney or flue provided(37% efficiency) Օ Adjacent g.as point Assumed as: Specified appliance Specified as: Flush fitting live effect gasfire, sealed to chimney (50% efficiency) TERDER21.9221.63PASS > No one measure can achieve theoverall 20% CO decide on the most...