HYDRAULIC WORKS YOUR ROOFING AND WATERPROOFING PARTNER

Introduction 2 Flag’s experience in hydraulic works 2 The manufacturing process 3 Applications 7 Selecting the waterproofing system 8 Elements and functional layers of the waterproofing system 9 Examples 12 General installation guidelines 13 Checks 15 Detailed installation guidelines 16 Index REV. 0 Ottobre 2002

INTRODUCTION This section of the technical manual examines the use of FLAGON synthetic liners in waterproofing hydraulic works. The relevant benefits, our experience and the various applications are combined together with stratigraphic diagrams, construction details and illustrations of the most widely used projects in the hydraulic sector, whether public, industrial or agricultural. FLAG’S EXPERIENCE IN HYDRAULIC WORKS Flag has manufactured synthetic liners for the hydraulic sector since 1963, initially for waterproofing agricultural basins. Since then, millions of square metres have been applied...

hydraulic works MAIN CHARACTERISTICS The main characteristics to be considered are: - Excellent weldability; - Softness and flexibility; - Excellent dimensional stability; - Weathering and UV rays resistance; - High ultimate elongation; - Tensile strength; - Resistance to static puncturing; - Resistance to micro-organisms; - Resistance to roots; - High resistance to a wide spectrum of chemicals; - Compliance with non-toxicity regulations, in case of contact with liquids or foodstuffs or with drinking water; - Easy check of the welds; - Easy repair over the whole useful life of the product. THE...

4 hydraulic works The unique manufacturing process designed by Flag for this type of liner involves the direct co-extrusion either side of a reinforcement mesh. This produces a homogeneous and dimensionally stable product. During the process a third extruder provides a thin and effective signal layer. All liners in the FLAGON TPO range are manufactured by tri-extrusion in two colours producing a membrane with different physical-chemical properties on each side of the product with the added benefit of a signal layer system. It is widely known that, by adding carbon black, polyolefin-based liners...

hydraulic works 5 FLAGON PVC LINERS CO-EXTRUSION In this process, the mixture of material components (resins, plasticisers, stabilisers, pigments, etc.) in each extruder is introduced through a hopper into a cylindrical chamber. Here it is heated up and pressed by worm screws into a co-extrusion head, where the single extruders converge, and then it is laminated in a calender. The liner thickness is automatically adjusted by electronic equipment that controls the opening of the extrusion head and of the calender. The material thus obtained is a single-layer homogeneous, non-reinforced liner,...

Between the second and third layers, an internal reinforcement is introduced, either in polyester for tensile strength or glass mesh for stability. This manufacturing system establishes a molecular bond between the four layers creating a homogenous and flexible single-layer liner that can be combined with a thermally treated geotextile layer to improve its gripping characteristics when using adhesives or when it is laid on materials that are not chemically compatible with PVC-P. The spreading process can also produce two-colour, single-layer liners with a signal layer. 6 hydraulic works NOTE:...

hydraulic works APPLICATIONS 1- COMPLEX HYDRAULIC WORKS This definition includes works that are highly complex in design: - dams (earth, concrete, bitumen concrete); - canals (earth, concrete); - floating covers; - hydraulic tunnels; - sewerage systems. These works are not dealt with in this document, as it would be difficult to examine their design in depth. Our technical offices are at your service to design your waterproofing project and to draw up technical specifications. Contact the Flag S.p.A. offices (phone number +39.035.4940949 fax +39.035.4940649) or send an e-mail to [email protected]...

SELECTING THE WATERPROOFING SYSTEM All liners in the FLAGON PVC and FLAGON TPO hydraulic range are formulated and manufactured to meet specific requirements. To simplify selection of FLAGON products for the hydraulic sector, please refer to the table below: To optimise selection, please contact the Flag S.p.A. offices (phone +39.035.4940949 fax +39.035.4940649) or send an e-mail to [email protected], in particular to check the chemical compatibility of the liquids to be stored with the selected liner. In the following pages, the elements and functional layers of the waterproofing system, the stratigraphic...

hydraulic works ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONAL LAYERS OF THE WATERPROOFING SYSTEM An overview of the characteristics and specific functions of the “layers” of the waterproofing system is useful to clarify the terms used, define the technical requirements of the materials and to better illustrate the examples given in the following pages. 1 - SUPPORTING ELEMENT OR SUBSTRATE This is the surface on which the layers of the waterproofing system will be placed. Two types of substrates are typically found in the hydraulic works sector: natural compacted soil or concrete. The surface of the structural element...

5 - SLIPPAGE LAYER (ONLY IN PROTECTED WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS) This protects the concrete from a build up of sand, soil, dirt and other elements. It can be made from the following materials: a) Film of VAPORFLAG polyethylene, 0.30 to 0.40 mm thick, laid in dry conditions with 10 cm overlap of the edges, glued with double-sided adhesive tape; b) Liner in polyethylene FLAGON PeSL, 0.8 to 1.0 mm thick, laid in dry conditions with 10 cm overlap of the edges, glued with double-sided adhesive tape. c) FLAGON PVC or TPO protection, 1.6 to 2.1 mm thick, laid in dry conditions. 6 - PROTECTION AND FINISHING...

hydraulic works c) Distribution plates for screws or plugs (point fastening); d) Protection counter-profile in galvanised sheet iron or stainless steel, placed above the top profile (in case of open tanks). 9 - ANCHORING OR KEYING TRENCH (earth basins) This keeps the waterproofing liner in situ. It is made up of a perimeter ditch with square or trapezoid sections to a minimum dimension of 40x40 cm. It should also be included at the foot of the slope in basins that are cyclically emptied. After laying of the waterproofing system, the trench is filled with aggregates (earth or round gravel) or...