1 The importance of Natural Ventilation and Daylight for Healthcare Applications

Contents Page 3 Preface Page 4 Front cover story - Royal Chelsea Hospital Page 5 Front cover story - Royal Chelsea Hospital Page 6 Introduction Page 7 The Regulations Page 8 Blackberry Hill Hospital Page 9 Blackberry Hill Hospital Page 10 Health, Comfort and Sustainability Page 11 Ventilation Guidance Page 12 Avoiding Overheating Page 13 Maintaining a Sustainable Future Page 14 Design Page 15 Design Page 16 Frenchay Hospital Page 17 New Brentwood Resource Centre Page 18 BREEAM Page 19 UK Organisations Page 20 Kentish Town Healthcare Page 21 Basildon Hospital Page 22 Cost Saving & Patient Recovery...

3 Providing pure ventilation was seen by Florence Nightingale as the first rule of nursing. In “Notes on Nursing” Nightingale stresses, “the first and last thing upon which a nurse’s attention must be fixed, the first essential to the patient, without which all the rest you can do for him is as nothing…is this: TO KEEP THE AIR HE BREATHES AS PURE AS THE EXTERNAL AIR WITHOUT CHILLING HIM.” This mantra is echoed in Monodraught’s philosophy. The National Health Service Carbon Reduction Unit reports that the NHS is responsible for 20 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per annum. It is the...

4 Front Cover Story Royal Chelsea Hospital London Architects: Steffian Bradley Architects (SBA) Facade: Quinlan & Francis Terry Architects Consultant: Delap & Waller Monodraught WINDCATCHER® natural ventilation systems were selected to provide energy-free fresh air throughout the new three storey flagship care home. The fifteen systems were cleverly adapted by Monodraught to complement the architectural style of the new infirmary, which is in context with original Wren and Soane buildings. The units were clad in clay pantiles to ensure a perfect blend with the architectural style. CFD analysis...

5 The new infirmary had to be environmentally friendly and is designed and constructed to reach a lifespan in excess of 120 years. This ruled out conventional air conditioning, with its noise and relatively high running costs. The original Royal Hospital was a naturally ventilated building, so consulting engineer Delap and Waller decided that the new buildings also needed ‘energyfree ventilation’ and that only natural ventilation could meet such rigorous demands. Monodraught WINDCATCHER systems were selected to deliver this energy-free fresh air throughout the buildings on the project. For the...

6 Natural Ventilation Day Lighting Energy Performance & Display Energy Certificate Environmental Rating BREEAM Organisations: — NHS Carbon Reduction Unit — BRE (BREEAM + EnCO2de) — Carbon Trust (EnCO2de) — CABE Building Regulations PartL: Conservation of Fuel and Power BREEAM Healthcare European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EBPD) Airtightness/ Air Leakage Calculation Methods: — EnCO2de National Calculation Methods (NCM): — SBEM — DSM Building Regulations Part F: Ventilation Securing Health, Comfort and Environmental Performance Healthcare facilities demand good quality ventilation,...

7 NHS – Procurement, Operation and Maintenance The Regulations “Comfort cooling is ver y expensive. In the UK, there are very few days per year where the temperature is very high (over 28 °C). Using comfort cooling for just this short term can cost as much as a whole year’s heating ” Carbon Trust publication CTG005 Technology guide Within the UK National Health Service, primary funding for capital schemes as well as for management and long-term maintenance are primarily through Private Finance Initiative (PFI) schemes and Local Improvement Finance Trust (LIFT) companies. To ensure best practice...

8 The Fromeside medium secure mental health unit at Blackberry Hill Hospital in Bristol formed part of a major investment scheme to provide mental health facilities in Bristol, north Somerset and south Gloucestershire. Commissioned by Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust with private sector partner Ryhurst First Priorities. The concept design was undertaken by Devereux Architects, with the scheme subsequently run as a design and build contract with Rydon Construction as the contractor, Frederick Gibberd Partnership as the implementation architect and hurleypalmerflatt as the...

9 Case Study Situated on a sloping site to the northeast of the main hospital, the £19m building is designed to provide safe and secure treatment for patients with serious mental health problems it replaced an existing 27-bed clinic, which could no longer cope with the number of people requiring treatment and did not include facilities for female patients. The size and complexity of the building, combined with the need for minimum circulation areas, necessitated the use of internal corridors and a number of land-Iocked ancillary spaces with no direct access to natural light and ventilation. The...

10 Health, Comfort and Sustainability The health and comfort of staff and patients is paramount in the healthcare sector, with special requirements necessary to cope with the demands of the vulnerable and ill. The healthcare sector is a major contributor to CO2 emissions as well having substantial energy costs. Improved energy efficiency not only reduces environmental impact but can also improve comfort. These needs are addressed in a number of legal and guidance documents. Key documents in relation to the indoor environment and sustainability within the NHS and healthcare sector are: zz Building...

11 given by the CEN 13779 Classification. It is also the minimum standard required by Part F of the Building Regulations for Offices. The World Health Organisation. Throughout the world, natural ventilation has a vital role to play in healthcare. In its publication “Natural Ventilation for Healthcare Settings”, the WHO states that “Lack of ventilation or low ventilation rates are associated with increased infection rates or outbreaks of airborne diseases” whereas “high ventilation rates could decrease the risk of infection... A higher ventilation rate is able to provide a higher dilution capability...