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COMPOSITE SLABS AND BEAMS USING STEEL DECKING: BEST PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
COMPOSITE SLABS AND BEAMS USING STEEL DECKING: BEST PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
Composite slabs and beams using steel decking are popular in construction for their efficiency and structural benefits. This document provides best practices for their design and construction, highlighting the roles of involved parties and the importance of information transfer.
Composite construction offers advantages such as speed, safety, weight savings, reduced transport needs, structural stability, sustainability, and ease of service installation, often resulting in cost savings.
Composite slabs are used in various building types, including office, commercial, industrial, leisure, healthcare, educational, residential, and refurbishment projects.
This section outlines the roles and responsibilities of team members in composite construction projects, emphasizing adherence to CDM Regulations for safety and efficiency.
The design process considers steel decking, composite slabs, acoustic insulation, and health and safety, providing guidance for economic and buildable structures.
Composite beams work with slabs using shear connectors for structural integrity. The document discusses construction stages, shear connection, and provides further reading for detailed design guidance.
Guidelines for concrete supply design, placement, and load management ensure structural integrity and safety.
This section covers design and construction practices for slim floor systems, integrating beams within slab depth for efficient space use.
The document serves as a comprehensive guide for designing and constructing composite slabs and beams, promoting best practices and efficient communication among all parties involved.
The document outlines roles of key parties in construction projects, including the Client, Architect, Structural Designer, Delegated Designer, Main Contractor, and CDM Co-ordinator, each with specific responsibilities.
The Architect and Structural Designer are responsible for floor construction choices, beam and column arrangements, and ensuring the design meets occupancy and load requirements.
The Structural Designer must ensure interaction between beams and slabs, considering shear connectors and reinforcement, construction stage loads, and practical aspects like welding access.
The choice and arrangement of decking are crucial, with the Structural Designer ensuring it meets fire resistance and load requirements. Propping should be minimized but carefully planned when necessary.
The Architect determines fire resistance needs, while the Structural Designer provides specific fire protection details. Safety is a shared responsibility, with the CDM Co-ordinator ensuring compliance with regulations.
Flowcharts illustrate typical sequences for designing and constructing composite floors, emphasizing planning and coordination among all parties.
Effective communication is essential, especially regarding load details and service positions, influencing the design of composite beams and slabs.
Specifications include fire resistance period, decking type, slab depth limitations, acoustic performance, and more. Design information transfer is essential for the Delegated Designer to have comprehensive information from decking manufacturers.
Emphasizes the importance of information transfer between design and construction teams to avoid delays or unsafe construction.
Drawings should indicate starting points for laying, support identification, decking type, thickness, material strength, and location of openings.
Reinforcement layout drawings should specify location, length, overlap, concrete cover, and grade.
Structural Designer should provide floor dead load values for propping solutions.
Discusses design principles, codified rules, and good practices for steel decking supporting wet concrete and reinforcement during construction.
Profiles include re-entrant and trapezoidal types, with specific examples provided.
Temporary construction load often dictates decking profile choice.
Variable load of 0.75 kN/m² generally applied, with specific guidelines for different working areas.
BS 5950-4 specifies uniformly distributed load requirements.
Eurocodes provide densities for wet reinforced concrete.
BS EN 1991-1-3 covers shallow decking design using an effective width model.
Deflection limits are set to prevent concrete ponding.
Minimum bearing lengths vary by support material.
Typically span 3 to 4.5 meters between supports.
Specifications include slab thicknesses and load-carrying capacity determined by shear bond.
During construction, if the slab is unpropped, the decking alone supports the wet concrete and construction loads.
Two main design methods are recognized: the 'm and k' method and the Eurocode method based on partial shear connection.
Both normal weight and lightweight aggregate concrete are used.
Minimum strength classes for normal weight concrete are C25/30.
Concrete used as a wearing surface should be power floated and trowelled for durability.
Composite floors take longer to dry due to exposure on one side.
Achieving precise level and flatness is challenging due to beam deflections.
Bar reinforcement typically involves light welded fabric.
The exposure class for concrete varies based on environmental conditions.
The document outlines specifications for concrete and reinforcement durability.
Tables provide recommended tension laps and anchorage lengths.
Fibre reinforcement offers benefits such as reduced labor costs and installation time.
The performance of composite slabs is assessed through testing.
Crack control is essential in composite slabs due to drying shrinkage and flexural action.
Designers can refer to the Designer’s guide to BS EN 1994-1-1 for comprehensive guidance.
Fire performance is defined by the National Building Regulations.
Openings in composite slabs are categorized by size, with specific reinforcement requirements.
Composite slabs are generally stiff, reducing dynamic sensitivity concerns.
Designers should consult manufacturers for specific guidance on slab stiffness.
Standard edge trims relative to steelwork after concreting have tolerances of ±10 mm horizontally and ±5 mm vertically.
Decking is typically unpropped for spans up to 3 m for profiles up to 60 mm deep.
Hangers are recommended to avoid post-drilling concrete for service attachments.
Brackets cast into the slab edge may support cladding.
Acoustic insulation addresses airborne and impact sound.
The 2007 CDM Regulations emphasize construction safety.
The document discusses the design of composite beams, focusing on the effective breadth of concrete in compression.
Deflections are critical in composite beams, especially in long-span applications.
Composite beams require fire protection, typically achieved through boards, sprays, or intumescent coatings.
Avoid placing slab openings next to beams within the effective flange width.
This section discusses the interaction between composite members and concrete slabs.
Table outlines fire protection strategies for voids between profiled steel decking and steel beams.
Shear connectors provide longitudinal shear connection between steel sections and concrete.
The design resistance of shear studs is detailed in BS EN 1994-1-1 and BS 5950-3.
Thru-deck welding is commonly used to attach shear studs.
The document outlines the placement of shear connectors in composite beams.
Composite beams can be designed plastically if shear connectors are ductile enough.
The document stresses the need for transverse reinforcement to transfer shear forces into the slab.
The bending resistance of a composite beam depends on shear transfer between the beam and slab.
Full shear connection is achieved when sufficient shear connectors are provided.
The document provides guidance on concrete supply, emphasizing compliance with BS 8500-1.
The document lists several guides and references for further reading on beam design, fire protection, and construction management.
The document outlines the specifications for concrete mix quality control.
Concrete placement requires preparation, including guard rails and checking prop positions.
The document advises a minimum consistence class of S3 for concrete workability.
Concrete surfaces should be finished as specified by the Structural Designer.
Loads during concreting include the weight of operatives, concrete, and equipment.
The document discusses the importance of managing construction loads on concrete slabs.
Examples include concrete blocks, bricks, and cement bags.
The document emphasizes the need for careful design to accommodate dynamic loads from vehicles.
Concrete surfaces should be protected from oil spills and damage.
The document lists several guides and reports for further reading.
This section introduces slim floor construction, where beams are within the slab depth.
The design process involves two stages: the construction stage and the final stage.
Openings in Slimflor sections are subject to specific size limitations.
The ComFlor 225 decking supports the fixing of services and suspended ceilings.
For the ends of decking, part-width sheets may be necessary.
Good practice involves proper planning, receiving, storing, and placing bundles of deep decking.
For long spans, decking should be propped as indicated on the decking layout drawings.
References include the Corus Slimdek Manual and the BCSA Guide to the installation of deep decking.
This document is a comprehensive guide on the best practices for the design and construction of composite slabs and beams using steel decking.
- Specifications and Standards: References numerous British Standards (BS) and Eurocodes.
- Health and Safety Regulations: Highlights the importance of adhering to the Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2007.
- Design Recommendations: Provides detailed advice on the design of composite floor systems.
- Fire Resistance and Safety: Focuses on the fire resistance of composite beams.
- Construction Practices: Best practices for the erection of steel structures.
- Innovative Solutions: Introduces new approaches to design.
Catalog excerpts
cyan plate magenta plate yellow plate black plate MCRMA Technical Paper No. 13 SCI Publication P300 CI/SfB REVISED EDITION Composite Slabs and Beams Using Steel Decking: Best Practice for Design and Construction TEL: 0151 652 3846 FAX: 0151 653 4080 www.mcrma.co.uk THE STEEL CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE SILWOOD PARK ASCOT BERKSHIRE SL5 7QN TEL: 01344 636525 FAX: 01344 636570 www.steel-sci.org REVISED EDITION MCRMA 18 MERE FARM ROAD PRENTON WIRRAL CHESHIRE CH43 9TT (23) Nh2 MARCH 2009 COMPOSITE SLABS AND BEAMS USING STEEL DECKING: BEST PRACTICE FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION THE METAL CLADDING & ROOFING MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION in partnership with THE STEEL CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTE
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SCI (The Steel Construction Institute) is the leading, independent provider of technical expertise and disseminator of best practice to the steel construction sector. We work in partnership with clients, members and industry peers to help build businesses and provide competitive advantage through the commercial application of our knowledge. We are committed to offering and promoting sustainable and environmentally responsible solutions. Our service spans the following five areas: Membership Individual and corporate membership Technical information Courses and Education Publications Online reference...
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MCRMA Technical Paper No. 13 SCI Publication No. P300 Composite Slabs and Beams using Steel Decking: Best Practice for Design and Construction (Revised Edition) J W Rackham BSc (Build Eng), MSc, DIC, PhD, CEng, MICE G H Couchman MA, PhD, CEng, MICE S J Hicks B Eng, PhD (Cantab) Published by: The Metal Cladding & Roofing Manufacturers Association in partnership with The Steel Construction Institute
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2009 The Steel Construction Institute and The Metal Cladding & Roofing Manufacturers Association Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the UK Copyright Licensing Agency, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued...
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Composite construction has proven popular because it combines structural efficiency with speed of construction to offer an economic solution for a wide range of building types. Applications include commercial, industrial and residential buildings. This guide covers the design and construction of composite slabs and beams, and addresses the good practice aspects of these activities. It updates the previous MCRMA/SCI guide, which was published in 2000. The update reflects the latest guidance for good practice and gives information on design to the Eurocodes, but omits most of the advice given previously...
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1.1 Benefits of composite construction 2 1.3 Scope of this publication 3 2 THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM 4 2.2 Roles in design and construction 5 2.3 Design and construction sequences 8 4 DESIGN OF DECKING AND SLABS 15 5 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS 54 6 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE - CONCRETE 75 6.1 Concrete supply design 75 6.3 Loads on the slab during and after concreting 81 7 SLIM FLOOR CONSTRUCTION 85
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SUMMARY This guide covers the design and construction of composite floors, paying particular attention to the good practice aspects. Following a description of the benefits of composite construction and its common applications, the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved in the design and construction process are identified. The requirements for the transfer of information throughout the design and construction process are described. The design of composite slabs and beams is discussed in detail in relation to the Eurocodes and BS 5950. In addition to general ultimate and serviceability...
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1 INTRODUCTION Composite slabs consist of profiled steel decking with an in-situ reinforced concrete topping. The decking not only acts as permanent formwork to the concrete, but also provides sufficient shear bond with the concrete so that, when the concrete has gained strength, the two materials act together compositely. Composite beams are normally hot rolled or fabricated steel sections that act compositely with the slab. The composite interaction is achieved by the attachment of shear connectors to the top flange of the beam. These connectors generally take the form of headed studs. It is...
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1.1 Benefits of composite construction Composite construction has contributed significantly to the dominance of steel frames in the commercial building sector in the UK. The main benefits of composite construction are: Speed of construction Bundles of decking can be positioned on the structure by crane and the individual sheets then installed by hand. Using this process, crane time is minimal, and in excess of 400 m2 of decking can be installed by one team in a day, depending on the shape and size of the building footprint. The use of the decking as a working platform speeds up the construction...
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building. Further information on sustainability of composite flooring systems is given in Composite Flooring Systems: Sustainable construction solutions[1]. Easy installation of services Cable trays and pipes can be hung from hangers that are attached using special ‘dovetail’ recesses rolled into the decking profile, thereby facilitating the installation of services such as electricity, telephone and information technology network cabling. These hangers also allow for convenient installation of false ceilings and ventilation equipment (see Section 4.2.8). The above advantages (detailed in more...
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2 THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION TEAM The aim of this Section is to identify typical activities and responsibilities for the team members involved in the design and construction of a building using composite components. Clearly, the precise delegation of responsibilities will depend on the details of the contract for a specific project, with which all parties need to be familiar. As an overriding principle, the CDM Regulations[4] state that ‘Every person on whom a duty is placed by these Regulations in relation to the design, planning and preparation of a project shall take account of the general...
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