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Forbo Flooring Systems
EPD MARMOLEUM DECIBEL

EPD MARMOLEUM DECIBEL

Product catalog summary

Introduction
Marmoleum Decibel is a resilient linoleum floor covering known for its high impact sound reduction of 17 dB. It is 3.5 mm thick, consisting of 2.5 mm Marmoleum Real laminated onto a 1 mm layer of polyolefin foam. Manufactured by Forbo, Marmoleum is made from natural renewable materials and has a high recycled content, contributing to its low environmental impact.

Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
This EPD is in accordance with ISO 14025 and EN 15804, providing LCA-based information to assist in making informed product comparisons. It includes details on human health impacts and eco-toxicity.

Product Specifications
Marmoleum Decibel complies with EN-ISO 24011 and ASTM F 2034 standards. It meets fire resistance, slip resistance, and thermal conductivity requirements, and is compliant with VOC emissions standards.

Material Composition
The product is composed of linseed oil, gum rosin, tall oil, wood flour, calcium carbonate, reused Marmoleum, titanium dioxide, jute, and polyolefin foam. These materials are sourced globally, with a focus on bio-based and recycled content.

Production Process
The production involves oxidizing linseed oil with tall oil and rosin to create linoleum cement, which is mixed with other materials and calendared onto a polyester substrate. The product is cured, finished, and laminated with foam.

Installation and Use
Installation involves cutting and adhesive application, with a 5% material waste rate. The product is designed for various applications, including domestic, commercial, and industrial settings. Cleaning involves vacuuming and damp mopping.

End of Life
Marmoleum Decibel is mechanically deconstructed and incinerated for energy recovery, aligning with non-landfill policies in its major markets.

Life Cycle Assessment
A comprehensive LCA has been conducted, covering all life cycle stages to assess environmental impacts.

Life Cycle Assessment Overview
The document provides a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Marmoleum Decibel, a resilient linoleum floor covering, according to ISO 14025 & EN 15804 standards. The assessment covers various stages: Production, Transport, Installation, Use, and End of Life.

Functional Unit
The functional unit is defined as one square meter of installed product with a one-year service life.

Cut-off Criteria
The cut-off criteria include 1% of renewable and non-renewable primary energy usage and 1% of the total mass of the unit process, with a maximum of 5% of energy usage and mass being neglected.

Allocation Procedures
No co-product allocation occurs. Allocation in multi-input processes, such as incineration, is based on mass flows or calorific values. Energy substitution credits are allocated to the production stage.

LCA Data and Quality
The GaBi 6 Software System is used for life cycle modeling, with datasets from the GaBi 6 database. Data quality corresponds to PCR specifications, with foreground data based on 2012 averages.

System Boundaries
The assessment includes all materials, products, energy, and waste processing across all stages, considering worldwide distribution for transportation.

Primary Energy Consumption
Non-renewable primary energy is mainly consumed during production, with significant contributions from raw material production and energy generation. Renewable energy is primarily from raw materials like linseed oil and jute.

Waste and Resource Consumption
Tables provide detailed data on hazardous, non-hazardous, and radioactive waste, as well as non-renewable resource consumption across all life cycle stages.

Environmental Impacts
Tables present the environmental impacts for one lifecycle, including Global Warming Potential, Ozone Layer Depletion, Acidification, Eutrophication, and more. The production stage is the main contributor to most impact categories.

Interpretation
The results interpretation considers assumptions and limitations. The production stage significantly impacts most categories, with raw material supply being a major contributor.

Additional Environmental Information
Forbo Flooring provides additional impacts on human health and eco-toxicity using the USEtox model, classified as Level II/III for characterization modeling.

Toxicity Impacts
The production stage dominates toxicity impact categories, with thermal energy and electricity being major contributors.

Compliance and Accreditations
The product complies with AgBB requirements for VOC emissions and indoor air quality. Accreditations include ISO 9001, ISO 14001, SMART, SWAN, Nature Plus, and Good Environmental Choice Australia.

Product Specifications
Thickness: 3.5 mm, Weight: 3000 g/m², Roll dimensions: Width 2.0 meters, Length < 32 meters.

Material Content
Binder: Linseed oil, Gum rosin, Tall oil. Filler: Wood flour, Calcium carbonate, Reused Marmoleum. Pigments: Titanium dioxide, Various other pigments. Backing: Jute, Polyolefin foam. Finish: Lacquer.

Production Process
Linoleum cement is created by oxidizing linseed oil with tall oil and rosin. Mixed with wood flour, calcium carbonate, reused waste, titanium dioxide, and pigments. Calendared on a polyester substrate, cured, trimmed, and finished. Foam layer applied, edges trimmed, and cut into rolls.

Environmental and Safety Aspects
ISO 14001 Environmental Management System in place. Production waste is reused or recycled. Packaging materials are recycled.

Delivery and Installation
Transport involves trucks and ocean ships with specified distances and utilization rates. Installation waste is 5%, with recycling options available. Recommended use of low emission adhesives.

Use and Maintenance
Service lifetime varies; reference service lifetime set to one year. Cleaning involves vacuuming and damp mopping with specified energy and resource consumption. Protective measures recommended to prevent structural damage.

End of Life
Mechanical deconstruction with energy considerations. Incineration is preferred due to high calorific value.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
Conducted according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. Stages assessed: Production, Transport, Installation, Use, End of Life. Functional unit: One square meter of installed product for one year. Data quality and system boundaries are specified.

Power Mix and Allocations
LCA data for electricity generation aligns with PCR. No CO2-certificates considered. Allocations based on mass flows or calorific values.

Energy Recovery and Incineration
The installation and end-of-life waste are incinerated, with energy recovery processes offsetting energy produced by the European grid mix and natural gas. The LCA dataset indicates that 250 kWh/tonne of electricity and 9744 MJ/tonne of thermal energy are recovered during incineration.

Material Composition
The document lists the composition of Marmoleum Decibel's surface and substrate layers, including materials like limestone flour, linseed oil, iron oxide, and wood flour. It also details the inputs and outputs during production, installation, and use stages.

Environmental Impact
The LCA results show the environmental impacts across different lifecycle stages, including global warming potential (GWP), ozone layer depletion, acidification, and eutrophication. The production stage significantly contributes to most impact categories, primarily due to raw material supply.

Transport and Installation
Transport distances for raw materials and the product are detailed, with significant contributions to environmental impacts from adhesive use during installation.

Use and End-of-Life Stages
The use stage involves minor impacts from electricity and detergent use. At the end of life, incineration with energy recovery provides credits for several impact categories.

Toxicity and Additional Information
The document includes toxicity assessments using the USEtox model, highlighting the production stage's dominance in toxicity impacts. Additional environmental information is provided, including impacts on human health and eco-toxicity.

Resource Use and Waste Management
The document details resource use, including renewable and non-renewable energy, and waste categories, such as hazardous and non-hazardous waste.

Interpretation
The interpretation section discusses the assumptions and limitations of the LCA, emphasizing the significant impact of raw material extraction and energy use during production.

Global Warming Potential (GWP)
The GWP is measured in carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-Eq.) and considers the greenhouse potential of emissions relative to CO2. It incorporates the gases' atmospheric residence time, typically assessed over a 100-year period.

Acidification Potential (AP)
Acidification occurs when air pollutants transform into acids, lowering the pH of rainwater and fog. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides contribute significantly, damaging ecosystems and materials. AP is measured in sulphur dioxide equivalents (SO2-Eq.).

Eutrophication Potential (EP)
Eutrophication involves nutrient enrichment, leading to excessive algae growth in water, reducing oxygen levels, and harming aquatic life. On land, it can degrade plant stability and increase nitrate levels in groundwater. EP is measured in phosphate equivalents (PO4-Eq.).

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)
Ground-level ozone, a damaging trace gas, results from photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. POCP is measured in ethylene equivalents (C2H4-Equiv.).

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)
Ozone depletion, primarily caused by CFCs and nitrogen oxides, reduces the protective ozone layer, increasing UV radiation exposure. ODP is measured in CFC 11 equivalents.

Standards and References
The document references various standards and guidelines, including ISO 14025, EN 15804, and DIN EN ISO 14044, which provide frameworks for environmental product declarations and life cycle assessments.

Catalog excerpts

Environmental Product DECLARATiON Marmoleum Decibel FORBO FLOORING SYSTEMS RESILIENT LINOLEUM FLOOR COVERING (forth© FLOORING SYSTEMS Marmoleum Decibel provides the highest reduction of impact sound by 17 dB. It is 3.5 mm thick: 2.5 mm Marmoleum Real laminated onto a 1 mm layer of polyolefin foam. Marmoleum the most globally used brand of linoleum has been manufactured by Forbo for more than 150 years. Marmoleum is produced having low environmental impacts as a result of the combination of natural renewable materials and high recycled content. Forbo was the first flooring manufacturer to publish a complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) report verified by CML in 2000. In addition, Forbo is now publishing Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for all products including full LCA reports. This EPD uses recognized flooring Product Category Rules and includes additional information to show the impacts on human health and ecotoxicity. By offering the complete story, we hope that our stakeholders will be able to use this document as a tool that will translate the environmental performance of Marmoleum Decibel into true value and benefits for all our customers and stakeholders alike. For more information visit: www.forbo-flooring.com

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Environmental Product Declaration Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering According to ISO 14025 & EN 15804 This declaration is an environmental product declaration in accordance with ISO 14025. This EPD does not guarantee that any performance benchmarks, including environmental performance benchmarks, are met. EPDs are intended to compliment Type I environmental performance labels. EPDs provide LCA-based information and additional information on the environmental aspects of products and assist purchasers and users to make informed comparisons between products. EPDs are not comparative...

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Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering Product Definition Product Classification and Description This declaration covers a broad range of designs and colors. Marmoleum Decibel is a resilient floor covering complying with all the requirements of EN-ISO 24011: Specification for plain and decorative linoleum. Marmoleum is made from natural raw materials making it preferable ecological floor covering with a beautiful and colorful design. The key raw materials include linseed oil, which comes from the flax plant seeds, gum rosin from pine trees, recycled wood waste of wood from controlled...

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Environmental Product Declaration (fodbo FLOORING SYSTEMS Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering According to ISO 14025 & EN 15804 Product Standards The products considered in this EPD have the following technical specifications: o Meets or exceeds all technical requirements in ASTM F 2034 Standard Specification for Linoleum Sheet Flooring. o Meets or exceeds all technical requirements in EN-ISO 24011 Specification for plain and decorative Linoleum. Marmoleum meets the requirements of EN 14041 EN 13501-1 Reaction to fire Cfl - s1 Fire Testing: o Class 1 when tested in accordance...

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Environmental Product Declaration (fodbo FLOORING SYSTEMS Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering According to ISO 14025 & EN 15804 Material Content of the Product Table 2: Composition of Marmoleum Decibel Production of Main Materials Linseed oil: Linseed oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of the flax plant. After filtering a clear golden yellow liquid remains. Gum rosin: Rosin is obtained by wounding pine trees. The crude gum is collected and is separated into turpentine and rosin by distillation. Tall oil : Tall oil is a post industrial waste product coming from the paper...

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Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering Production of the Floor Covering Figure 2: Illustration of the Production process Marmoleum Decibel is produced in several stages starting with the oxidation of linseed oil mixed with tall oil and rosin. With the influence of oxygen from the atmosphere a tough sticky material is obtained called linoleum cement. The linoleum cement is stored in containers for a few days for further reaction and after this it is mixed with wood flour, calcium carbonate, reused waste (if applicable), titanium dioxide and pigments. This mixture is calendared on...

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Environmental Product Declaration FLOORING SYSTEMS Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering According to ISO 14025 & EN 15804 Delivery A worldwide distribution by truck and container ship is considered. On average every square meter of Marmoleum is transported as follows: o Transport distance 40 t truck 694 km o Transport distance 7.5t truck (Fine distribution) 257 km o Capacity utilization trucks (including empty runs) 85 % o Transport distance Ocean ship 4916 km o Capacity utilization Ocean ship 48% Installation Because of the specific techniques...

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Environmental Product Declaration (fodbo FLOORING SYSTEMS Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering According to ISO 14025 & EN 15804 For the calculations the following cleaning regime is considered: - Dry cleaning with a 1.5 kW vacuum cleaner for 0.21 min/m , twice a week. This equates to 0.55 kWh/m2*year. 22 - Once a week wet cleaning with 0.062 l/m water and 0.0008 kg/m detergent. This result in the use of 3.224 l/m *year water and 0.04 kg/m *year detergent. The wet cleaning takes place without power machine usage. Waste water treatment of the arising waste water from cleaning...

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Marmoleum Decibel Resilient Linoleum Floor Covering Life Cycle Assessment A full Life Cycle Assessment has bee carried out according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. The following Life Cycle Stages are assessed : o Production Stage (Raw material acquisition, transportation to Manufacturing and Manufacturing) o Transport Gate to User o Installation Stage o Use Stage o End of Life Stage Production Raw Material Extraction and Processing Installation loss Coating, Calendaring, Transport Drying, Energies with regional reference End-of Life Cleaning regime Figure 3: Flow chart of the Life Cycle Assessment...

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