r r esults of the interventions dis p la y ed in rea r l t im e o n t h e sc r ee n. O O n the sections it is p ossible to p erform vo v l u m e ca l cu l at i o n a n d obta in t h e r e l at iv e r r e p orts . G G ra p hic CAD and work environment T T he g raphic mana g ement in SierraSoft p p roducts is carried out b y a 3D p p rofessional CAD (full y develo p ed b y S S ierraSoft) that not only can mana g e all the typ t ical entities of a technical CAD but p p ossesses also advanced functions o f i i mport and export both for DWG-DXF files a a n d f o r ot h e r f o rm ats . U U ser interface is in conformit y with r r eference standards (Microsoft , Autodesk e e tc.) and reduces considerably learnin g t t ime and cost, lettin g the users concentrate f f rom the be g innin g on the results to be obta o in ed m o r e t h a n o n h o w to obta in t t h e m . T T here is no limit to the q uantit y of the data t t hat can be mana g ed. A A ll data are then memorized in a sin g le file t t o simplify their savin g and mana g ement. A A n advanced-function CAD is available , to c c ope wit h topo g rap h ic an d p l annin g p p roblems . T T he advanta g e o f this solution consists in Terrain mo d elin g g ressives (plane and inclined) the speed and the accuracy it g rants, in the The g eneration of a trian g le surface DTM is performed in a completely automatic way, according to survey points and break lines (walls, slopes, etc.) , elevations , differences inelevation, slopes, names and vertex coordinates. The cross elements of the sections can also be inserted manually in the graphic window or by inserting the distance and the elevation of each point; it is possible to integrate the sections with supplementary workin eas in ess o f t h e auto m at i c m od ifi cat i o n o f drawings, in the opportunity to carry out quickly repetitive operations and in the possibility to obtain different variations of the same project, all with a high-quality presentation. Data can be displayed both graphically and inside grids with an interactive mana Contour lines On a digital model, Topko creates contour lines according to a selected equidistance. C ontour lines can be calculated with twomethods: linear and B-S g s such as strippin g , terrainrecovery etc. The g ement (the modification of a datumin the p line. It is p ossibleto set both the roundin g raphic mana g ementallows to work on the sections havin g raphic display is reflected in the table and vice-versa g -coefficient andthe calculation method. On creating B-spline contour lines, it is possible to specify the tension to be applied to curves vertexes: the hi g g the ). ) g her thetension , the closer the contour lines will beto the points that determined them. The drawin g of the main countour lines is p erformed with a different thickness andwith indication of the elevation. Volume calculation The volume of a digital model can be calculated according to an elevation or accordin g to a reference inclined plane. Aspecific report lists in detail the partials calculated for each prismoid, justifying analytically the results obtained. Besides cut and fill volumes , also cut-filllines are calculated, and for each p oint theelevation on the plane defined is dete rmin ed . V o l u m e ca l cu l at i o n ca n a l so be performed by sections. Cross sections Automatic extraction of terrain sections b oth alon g a direction and alon g a polylinewith possible pro j ection of the points onthe main directrix. Extraction of elevations accordin g to theelements that can be found in the surve y :trian g les, contour lines, break lines, survey p oints. The annotation of sections is full y automatic and can be personalized, includin g dimensionin g of partial distances (plane and inclined), pro
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Topography, cadastral and 3D models